In 2021, Americans spent upward of $100 billion on lottery tickets—more than any other form of gambling. Some people think it’s a good thing, arguing that the proceeds from ticket sales go toward education or other important needs, and that lotteries are a painless way for states to raise money. But there’s a lot more to the story than that, including a very real and very dangerous financial cost to society.
Lottery odds vary widely and prizes range from a few dollars for matching five numbers to millions of dollars for the jackpot. Often, though, the odds of winning are quite low. This is especially true when it comes to scratch-off games, which are the bread and butter of lottery commissions. The reason is that the bulk of lottery playing—60 to 65 percent of all sales—come from people in the bottom quintile of income distribution. These folks have a few dollars in their pockets for discretionary spending but not much in the way of savings, entrepreneurship, or opportunities for advancement other than winning the lottery.
To get a sense of the odds involved in a given lottery, one can look at a sample ticket and chart the “random” outer numbers to see how often they repeat. Then, pay particular attention to singletons: groups of digits that appear only once on the entire ticket. The more of these singletons there are, the better your chances of winning. Experiment with different games and you’ll quickly see the pattern.